Hess’s Law
Standard Enthalpies of Formation
The Variation af Reaction Enthalpy with Temperature
Contributions to Enthalpy
Ian Formation
The Born-Haber Cycle
Bond Enthalpies
Entropy
Spontaneous Change
Entropy and Disorder
Entropy and Volume
Entropy and Temperature
Entropy and Physical State
The Molecular Interpretation of Entropy
The Boltzmann Formula
- The Equivalence of Statistical and Thermodynamic Entropies
- Absolute Entropies
- Standard Molar Entropies
Global Changes in Entropy
- The Surroundings
- The Overall Change in Entropy
- Equilibrium
Gibbs Free Energy
- Focusing on the System
- Gibbs Free Energy of Reaction
- The Gibbs Free Energy and Nonexpansion Work
- The Effect of Temperature