Chapter 7 Thermodynamics: the second and third laws

Hess’s Law

Standard Enthalpies of Formation 

The Variation af Reaction Enthalpy with Temperature

 

Contributions to Enthalpy

Ian Formation  

The Born-Haber Cycle

Bond Enthalpies

Entropy

       

Spontaneous Change

 

Entropy and Disorder  

Entropy and Volume

Entropy and Temperature 

Entropy and Physical State  

 

The Molecular Interpretation of Entropy      

The Boltzmann Formula 

  • The Equivalence of Statistical and Thermodynamic Entropies   
  • Absolute Entropies                                                                
  • Standard Molar Entropies 

Global Changes in Entropy

  • The Surroundings 
  • The Overall Change in Entropy 
  • Equilibrium

Gibbs Free Energy 

  • Focusing on the System 
  • Gibbs Free Energy of Reaction  
  • The Gibbs Free Energy and Nonexpansion Work  
  • The Effect of Temperature