Chapter 5 Liquids and solids

Liquids

  • Order in Liquids  
  • Viscosity and Surface Tension
  • Liquid Crystals

Ionic Liquids

 

Solids 

 Classification of Solids

Solids can be classified on the basis of the bonds that hold the atoms or molecules together. This approach categorizes solids as either molecular.

 

 

Molecular Solids 

 Network Solids

A solid network or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. In a solid network there are no individual molecules, and the entire crystal or amorphous solid may be considered a macromolecule. Formulas for network solids, like those for ionic compounds, are simple ratios of the component atoms represented by a formula unit.

Unit Cells 

Metallic Solids  

Ionic Solids

Inorganic Materials   

  • Alloys  
  • Silicates 
  • Calcium Carbonate 
  • Cement and Concrete  

Materials for New Technologies Electrical Conduction in Solids 

  • Semiconductors  
  • Superconductors 
  • Luminescent Materials  
  • Magnetic Materials 
  • Nanomaterials  
  • Nanotubes